بررسی تحلیلی عملکرد الگوریتم‌های فرا ابتکاری بر بهینه‌سازی عملکرد کنترلر پهپاد چهارروتوره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی / دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد / دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

با توجه به مدل دینامیکی غیرخطی و کوپل پهباد چهارروتوره، طراحی کنترلر برای آن با تعداد زیادی از پارامترهای طراحی به‌هم وابسته درگیر است. در این مقاله کاربرد الگوریتم‌های فرا ابتکاری برای طراحی و بهینه‌سازی پارامترهای کنترلر PID برای پهباد چهارروتوره بررسی شده است. برای این منظور سه روش بهینه‌سازی ازدحام ذرات، جستجوی هارمونی و الگوریتم ژنتیک انتخاب شده است. روش ازدحام ذرات با بهینه‌سازی بهتر بهره‌های کنترلی، در نهایت با کاهش بیشتر تابع هزینه نسبت به سایر الگوریتم های تکاملی پاسخ مناسب‌تری می‌دهد. یک مجموعة آزمایشگاهی دو درجه آزادی شامل حسگرهای شتاب‌سنج و ژیروسکوپ به‌همراه میکروکنترلر برای پیاده‌سازی کنترلر زاویه‌ای PID طراحی و ساخته شده است. با توجه به اینکه داده‌های آزمایشگاهی خطا و نوفه دارند، از فیلتر کالمن برای کاهش نوفة حسگر استفاده شده است. در نهایت استفاده از فیلتر کالمن برای فیلتر داده‌های آزمایشگاهی به کنترل زاویه‌ای مناسب مجموعه منجر شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical study of metaheuristic algorithms on optimization of contorollers in quadrotor drones

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Shahbazi 1
  • Vahid Tikani 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Quadrotor is a flying robot with six degrees of freedom which can do vertical flight and complex maneuvers. Since the robot has nonlinear and coupled dynamic model, designing a controller with desired performance involves a large number of interdependent design parameters. The application of meta-heuristic algorithms for PID controller design and adjusting the gain values of the controller is presented in the paper. Therefor three meta-heuristic algorithms have been used for optimal tuning of PID parameters. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Harmony Search (HS) are compared in minimizing the performance criteria formula that can result a better performance for controlling of quadrotor. Finally the PSO algorithm could reduce the cost function more than other evolutionary algorithms and provides suitable answers. To study the performance of PID controller on attitude control of the system, a quadrotor is installed to the designed stand. The system consists of accelerometer and gyroscope sensors and a microcontroller which is used to design PID attitude controller for the quadrotor. Considering that the experimental data has lots of errors and noises, Kalman filter is used to reduce the noises. Finally using the Kalman filter leads to better estimation of the quadrotor angle position and the PID controller performs the desired motions successfully.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Control
  • PID Controller
  • metaheuristic algorithms
  • quadrotor drones
  • Optimization

مراجع

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